MySQL 执行 SQL 及慢查询监控
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前言
MySQL 可以记录用户执行的sql：记录到文件、表格
MySQL 可以自定义执行多少时间以上的sql属于慢查询，也会根据配置，记录相关信息到文件、表格
目前公司想监控记录每天执行了哪些sql，哪些sql是慢查询，然后去优化sql
技术说明
1）搞清楚mysql是怎样记录执行sql的
2）怎样记录慢查询的
3）接下来就是写代码去梳理成报告，这里使用的是python语言
报告效果如下
技术细节
1、修改my.cnf
#整体的效果，全局开启表和日志文件都写，对于general_log, slow_query_log，表和日志文件都记录。
general_log=1 # 开启mysql执行sql的日志
slow_query_log=1 # 开启mysql慢sql的日志
slow_query_log=1 # 开启mysql慢sql的日志
#设置之后会影响general_log和slow_query_log，
log_output=table,File # 日志输出会写表，也会写日志文件，为了便于程序去统计，所以最好写表
#这里没配置general_log_file，那么general_log就只会写表了
#在mysql5.1.29以上，设置以下即可打开mysql将执行的sql记录在文件中
general_log_file=/log/general.log
#5.1.29以以前为：
#log=/var/lib/mysql/sql_row.log
long_query_time=1 #设置mysql的慢查询为超过1s的查询
slow_query_log_file=/log/slow.log
2、修改mysql的日志表（在mysql库中）的格式
#默认general_log是csv的格式，修改为MyISAM格式查询效率会高很多
set global general_log = off; alter table general_log engine = MyISAM; # 不能使用innodb的形式 set global general_log = on;
#默认general_log是csv的格式，修改为MyISAM格式查询效率会高很多
set global slow_query_log = off; # 等于0效果一样 alter table slow_log engine = MyISAM; # 不能使用innodb的形式 set global slow_query_log = on; # 等于1效果一样
3、因为mysql的日志表：general_log和slow_query_log不允许修改，所以需要新建出一个便于删除修改的表（这个日志表太大，需要定期清理n天前得数据）
3.1 建立slow_log_dba表
CREATE TABLE `slow_log_dba` ( `start_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, `user_host` mediumtext NOT NULL, `query_time` time NOT NULL, `lock_time` time NOT NULL, `rows_sent` int(11) NOT NULL, `rows_examined` int(11) NOT NULL, `db` varchar(512) NOT NULL, `last_insert_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `insert_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `server_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL, `sql_text` mediumtext NOT NULL ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='Slow log for dba';
3.2 建立general_log_dba的表
CREATE TABLE `general_log_dba` ( `event_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, `user_host` mediumtext NOT NULL, `thread_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `server_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL, `command_type` varchar(64) NOT NULL, `argument` mediumtext NOT NULL, KEY `user_host` (`user_host`(200)), KEY `event_time` (`event_time`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='general log for dba op';
4、因为程序最终使用的general_log_dba和slow_log_dba的表，所以需要定时的将general_log和slow_query_log的数据拷贝到general_log_dba和slow_log_dba之中
因为报告是每天生成一次，所以这个动作只要每天操作一次即可
#脚本是保存10天得数据，每天将general_log和slow_query_log的数据拷贝到general_log_dba和slow_log_dba之中
# 做定时任务每天执行一次 mysql_logtable.sh #!/bin/sh NDaysAgo=$(date -d '-10 days' "+%F %H:%M:%S") /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uXXXX -p'xxxxxxxx' -D'mysql' -e "insert general_log_dba select * from general_log;truncate general_log;delete from general_log_dba where event_time < \"$NDaysAgo\";insert slow_log_dba select * from slow_log;truncate slow_log;delete from slow_log_dba where start_time < \"$NDaysAgo\""
5、Python 脚本统计
python脚本统计每天sql操作，以及每天的mysql的慢查询
5.1 统计mysql每日执行记录的脚本
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'river'
import MySQLdb as mysql
import re
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
def sendHtmlMail(mailcontent,myip):
try:
yestoday=(datetime.now()-timedelta(days=1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
sender = 'xxx@xxx.com'
receiver = ['xxx@xxx.com']
subject = myip+' mysql operation report '+yestoday
smtpserver = 'smtp.exmail.xx.com'
username = 'xxx@xxx.com'
password = 'xxxxx'
msg = MIMEText(mailcontent,'html','utf-8')#'你好','text','utf-8'
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg['From'] = sender
msg['To'] = 'xxx@xxxxxxxx.com'
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect(smtpserver)
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()
except Exception, e:
print e,'send mail error'
if __name__=='__main__':
result=None
htmlfile='mysqlLogMon.html'
myiplist=['192.168.10.10','192.168.10.19']
yestoday=(datetime.now()-timedelta(days=1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00")
today=datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00")
for myip in myiplist:
sql="select user_host,argument from general_log_dba where event_time >='%s' and event_time <='%s'" %(yestoday,today)
try:
dbcon = mysql.connect(host=myip, user='xxxxx', passwd='xxxxx', db='mysql', port=3306,charset='utf8')
cur = dbcon.cursor()
print "step 1,"+myip+','+datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
cur.execute(sql)
result = cur.fetchall()
cur.close()
dbcon.close()
except Exception, e:
print e,'conn mysql error'
user_host_set=set()
print "step 2,"+myip+','+datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
allhash={}
if result:
for user_host,argument in result:
argument_delcom=re.compile(r'(\/\*(\s|.)*?\*\/)').sub("",argument).strip().replace(u"\x00",'').lower()
if re.compile(r'^access.*').match(argument_delcom) or re.compile(r'^.*@.*on.*').match(argument_delcom) or re.compile(r'^grant.*').match(argument_delcom):
tmpargument=argument_delcom.strip()
else:
tmpargument=argument_delcom.split(' ')[0].strip()
if len(tmpargument)>30:
#有些sql是u'select\n\t\t\t\t\tcount(m.enquirymainid)'，可以使用print repr(tmpargument)
tmpargument=argument_delcom.split('\n')[0].strip()
#如果全是注释，那么就不统计这条目了
if not tmpargument or tmpargument.strip()=='' or tmpargument.strip()==' ':
continue
if allhash.has_key(user_host):
allhash[user_host][tmpargument]=allhash[user_host].get(tmpargument,0)+1
else:
allhash[user_host]={tmpargument:1}
print "step 3,"+myip+','+datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
headhtml='''<!DOCTYPE html><html class=" MacOS"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/><style type="text/css">
#customers {
FONT-FAMILY: "Trebuchet MS", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse
}
#customers TD {
BORDER-TOP: #98bf21 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #98bf21 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #98bf21 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; PADDING-TOP: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 7px; BORDER-LEFT: #98bf21 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 7px
}
#customers TH {
BORDER-TOP: #98bf21 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #98bf21 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #98bf21 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; PADDING-TOP: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 7px; BORDER-LEFT: #98bf21 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 7px
}
#customers THEAD {
FONT-SIZE: 1.0em; COLOR: #fff; PADDING-BOTTOM: 4px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; PADDING-TOP: 5px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a7c942
}
#customers TR.alt TD {
COLOR: #000; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #eaf2d3
}
</style>
</head><body>
<table id="customers" align="center" style="width:85%;">
<thead><tr align="left">
<td>用户</td>
<td>执行sql</td>
<td>执行次数</td>
</tr></thead><tbody>'''
print "step 4,"+myip+','+datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
with open(htmlfile,'w') as htmlfileobj:
htmlfileobj.write(headhtml)
htmlfileobj.flush()
print "step 5,"+myip+','+datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
with open(htmlfile,'a') as htmlfileobj:
for hostkey in allhash.keys():
listtmp=sorted(allhash[hostkey].iteritems(),key=lambda labkey:labkey[1],reverse=True)
rowspan=len(allhash[hostkey])
#htmlfileobj.write()
tmpline='<tr><td rowspan=%s align="left">%s</td>' %(rowspan,hostkey.encode('utf-8'))
htmlfileobj.write(tmpline)
countn=0
for runsql,count in listtmp:
if countn==0:
tmpline='<td align="left">%s</td><td>%s</td></tr>' %(runsql.encode('utf-8'),count)
else:
tmpline='<tr><td align="left">%s</td><td>%s</td></tr>' %(runsql.encode('utf-8'),count)
countn+=1
htmlfileobj.write(tmpline)
tmpline='''</tbody></table></html>'''
htmlfileobj.write(tmpline)
with open(htmlfile,'r') as htmlfileobj:
mailcontent=htmlfileobj.read()
sendHtmlMail(mailcontent,myip)
else:
print 'sql result is None,exit ing'
print "step 6,"+myip+','+datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
5.2 统计mysql每日慢sql的脚本
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'river'
import MySQLdb as mysql
import re
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
def sendHtmlMail(mailcontent,myip):
try:
yestoday=(datetime.now()-timedelta(days=1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
sender = 'xxx@xxx.com'
receiver = ['xxx@xxx.com']
subject = myip+' mysql operation report '+yestoday
smtpserver = 'smtp.exmail.xx.com'
username = 'xxx@xxx.com'
password = 'xxxxx'
msg = MIMEText(mailcontent,'html','utf-8')#'你好','text','utf-8'
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg['From'] = sender
msg['To'] = 'xxx@xxxxxxxx.com'
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect(smtpserver)
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()
except Exception, e:
print e,'send mail error'
if __name__=='__main__':
result=None
htmlfile='mysqlSlowMon.html'
myiplist=['192.168.10.10','192.168.10.19']
yestoday=(datetime.now()-timedelta(days=1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00")
today=datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00")
for myip in myiplist:
sql="select start_time,user_host,query_time,lock_time,rows_sent,sql_text from slow_log_dba where start_time >='%s' and start_time <='%s' order by query_time desc limit 500" %(yestoday,today)
try:
dbcon = mysql.connect(host=myip, user='xxx', passwd='xxxxxx', db='mysql', port=3306,charset='utf8')
cur = dbcon.cursor()
print "step 1,"+myip+','+datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
cur.execute(sql)
result = cur.fetchall()
cur.close()
dbcon.close()
except Exception, e:
print e,'conn mysql error'
print "step 2,"+myip+','+datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
if result:
headhtml='''<!DOCTYPE html><html class=" MacOS"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/><style type="text/css">
#customers {
FONT-FAMILY: "Trebuchet MS", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse
}
#customers TD {
BORDER-TOP: #98bf21 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #98bf21 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #98bf21 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; PADDING-TOP: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 7px; BORDER-LEFT: #98bf21 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 7px
}
#customers TH {
BORDER-TOP: #98bf21 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #98bf21 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #98bf21 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; PADDING-TOP: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 7px; BORDER-LEFT: #98bf21 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 7px
}
#customers THEAD {
FONT-SIZE: 1.0em; COLOR: #fff; PADDING-BOTTOM: 4px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; PADDING-TOP: 5px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a7c942
}
#customers TR.alt TD {
COLOR: #000; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #eaf2d3
}
</style>
</head><body>
<table id="customers" align="center" style="width:90%;">
<thead><tr align="left">
<td>执行时间</td>
<td>用户</td>
<td>查询时长/s</td>
<td>加锁时长/s</td>
<td>发送行数目/line</td>
<td>执行sql</td>
</tr></thead><tbody>'''
with open(htmlfile,'w') as htmlfileobj:
htmlfileobj.write(headhtml)
htmlfileobj.flush()
for start_time,user_host,query_time,lock_time,rows_sent,sql_text in result:
sql=re.compile(r'(\/\*(\s|.)*?\*\/)').sub("",sql_text)[0:150].replace(u"\x00",'').strip()
if not sql or sql.strip()=='' or sql.strip()==' ':
continue
with open(htmlfile,'a') as htmlfileobj:
tmpstring='<tr align="left"><td>'+str(start_time)+'</td><td>'+user_host+'</td><td>'+str(query_time)+'</td><td>'+str(lock_time)+'</td><td>'+str(rows_sent)+'</td><td>'+sql+'</td></tr>'
htmlfileobj.write(tmpstring)
with open(htmlfile,'a') as htmlfileobj:
tmpline='''</tbody></table></html>'''
htmlfileobj.write(tmpline)
with open(htmlfile,'r') as htmlfileobj:
mailcontent=htmlfileobj.read()
print "step 3,"+myip+','+datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
sendHtmlMail(mailcontent,myip)
else:
print 'sql result is None,exit ing'
print "step 4,"+myip+','+datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
小结
本功能技术难度不高，但是需要对 MySQL 日志记录集 Python 有一定的了解。
参考推荐：
mysql执行sql及慢查询监控 （51CTO）
MySQL 中 distinct 和 group by 性能比较
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