以eth0为例

1. 以DHCP方式配置网卡

编辑文件: /etc/network/interfaces:

sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces

并用下面的行来替换有关eth0的行:

# The primary network interface, 
# use DHCP to find our address
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

用下面的命令使网络设置生效:

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

当然,也可以在命令行下直接输入下面的命令来获取地址

sudo dhclient eth0

 

2. 为网卡配置静态IP地址

编辑文件: /etc/network/interfaces:

sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces

并用下面的行来替换有关eth0的行:

# The primary network interface, 
# use Static to find our address
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.98            
gateway 192.168.1.1             
netmask 255.255.255.0           
network 192.168.1.0
broadcast 192.168.1.255

用下面的命令使网络设置生效:

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

注: 生效后,需要配置DNS后才可上网(步骤5)

 

3. 设定第二个IP地址(虚拟IP地址)

编辑文件/etc/network/interfaces:

sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces

在该文件中添加如下的行:
auto eth0:1
iface eth0:1 inet static
address 192.168.1.60
netmask 255.255.255.0
network x.x.x.x
broadcast x.x.x.x
gateway x.x.x.x

根据你的情况填上所有诸如address,netmask,network,broadcast和gateways等信息. 

用下面的命令使网络设置生效:

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

 

4. 设置主机名称 (hostname)

使用下面的命令来查看当前主机的主机名称:

sudo /bin/hostname

使用下面的命令来设置当前主机的主机名称:

sudo /bin/hostname newname

系统启动时,它会从/etc/hostname来读取主机的名称.

关于设置主机名称的更多信息,请访问这里

 

5. 配置DNS

首先,你可以在/etc/hosts中加入一些主机名称和这些主机名称对应的IP地址

要访问DNS 服务器来进行查询,需要设置/etc/resolv.conf文件. 

例如: 假设DNS服务器的IP地址是192.168.1.1

编辑文件: /etc/hosts

sudo vi /etc/hosts

编辑内容如下:

nameserver 192.168.1.1

或者,编辑/etc/resolv.conf,添加内容如下:

sudo  vi  /etc/resolv.conf

用下面的命令使网络设置生效:

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

 

Ubuntu 关闭防火墙

root@ubuntu:/home/homer# ufw status            // 查看状态
Status: inactive
root@ubuntu:/home/homer# ufw enable          // 打开防火墙
Firewall is active and enabled on system startup
root@ubuntu:/home/homer# ufw status
Status: active
root@ubuntu:/home/homer# ufw disable          // 关闭防火墙
Firewall stopped and disabled on system startup
root@ubuntu:/home/homer# ufw status
Status: inactive

1、关闭ubuntu的防火墙 
      ufw disable
2、卸载了iptables
       apt-get remove iptables
3、关闭ubuntu中的防火墙的其余命令
        iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT
        iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
        iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
        iptables -F

 

CentOS 关闭防火墙

/etc/init.d/iptables stop

[root@homeros logs]# /etc/init.d/iptables status       // 查看防火墙状态
iptables: Firewall is not running.
[root@homeros logs]# /etc/init.d/iptables start          // 开启防火墙
iptables: Applying firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]
[root@homeros logs]# /etc/init.d/iptables status
Table: filter
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num  target     prot opt source               destination         
1    ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 
2    ACCEPT     icmp --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
3    ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
4    ACCEPT     tcp  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           state NEW tcp dpt:22 
5    REJECT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           reject-with icmp-host-prohibited 

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
num  target     prot opt source               destination         
1    REJECT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           reject-with icmp-host-prohibited 
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num  target     prot opt source               destination         

[root@homeros logs]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop          // 关闭防火墙
iptables: Flushing firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter          [  OK  ]
iptables: Unloading modules:                               [  OK  ]
[root@homeros logs]# /etc/init.d/iptables status
iptables: Firewall is not running.

 

原文: Ubuntu配置网络命令

英文Ubuntu Networking Configuration Using Command Line

 

参考推荐

公共 DNS 服务器 IP 地址

公用DNS服务器代理汇总

Ubuntu / CentOS 设置静态IP

windows/linux修改hosts文件

Linux/Windows 设置本地DNS域名解析Hosts