Python 获取类名和函数名
Python 获取当前位置所在的函数名和行号
C/C++程序调试中经常用到的几个宏:__FILE__、__FUNCTION__、__LINE__
Python程序遇到问题调试时也想用下这种方式,找了下网上资料,发现这个问题还有不少人问
Python中获取当前位置所在的函数名和行号,都封装在sys中,获取方法如下:
import sys
def get_cur_info():
print sys._getframe().f_code.co_filename # 当前文件名,可以通过__file__获得
print sys._getframe().f_code.co_name # 当前函数名
print sys._getframe().f_lineno # 当前行号
get_cur_info()
其他函数请参考:dir(sys._getframe()).
本文主要介绍了python 动态获取当前运行的类名和函数名的方法,
分别介绍使用内置方法、sys模块、修饰器、inspect模块等方法。
一、使用内置方法和修饰器方法获取类名、函数名
python中获取函数名的情况分为内部、外部
1、从函数外部获取函数名
使用指向函数的对象,然后用__name__属性
def a(): pass a.__name__
除此之外还可以:
getattr(a,'__name__') a.__getattribute__('__name__')
完整示例:
def a(): print("hello, l love u") print(a.__name__) print(a.__getattribute__('__name__')) print(getattr(a,'__name__'))
尽管有些脱裤子放屁,总之,从外部获取的方法是非常灵活的。
2、从函数内部获取函数名
需要用些技巧
1)使用sys模块的方法:(推荐)
def a(): print sys._getframe().f_code.co_name
f_code 和 co_name 可以参考python源码解析的pyc生成和命名空间章节。
2)使用修饰器的方法: (推荐)
使用修饰器就可以对函数指向一个变量,然后取变量对象的__name__方法。
def timeit(func): def run(*argv): print func.__name__ if argv: ret = func(*argv) else: ret = func() return ret return run @timeit def t(a): print a t(1)
修饰器的改进版:
使用修饰器就可以对函数指向一个变量,然后取变量对象的__name__方法。
def get_name(func): def warper(*args, **kwargs): print("the function name is {}".format(func.__name__)) result = func(*args, **kwargs) return result return warper @get_name def my_name(): print("hello") @get_name def your_name(name): print("hello {}".format(name)) my_name() your_name("mimvp.com")
运行结果:
the function name is my_name
hello
the function name is your_name
hello mimvp.com
二、使用inspect模块动态获取当前运行的函数名
import inspect def get_current_function_name(): return inspect.stack()[1][3] class MyClass: def function_one(self): print "%s.%s invoked"%(self.__class__.__name__, get_current_function_name()) if __name__ == "__main__": myclass = MyClass() myclass.function_one()
动态获取当前运行的函数名很方便,特别是对于一些debug系统来说
完整示例:
def timeit(func): def run(*argv): print("timeit: %s" % (func.__name__)) # timeit: func if argv: ret = func(*argv) else: ret = func() return ret return run # @timeit def func(): print("self name: %s" % (sys._getframe().f_code.co_name)) # self name: func import inspect def get_current_function_name(): return inspect.stack()[1][3] class MyClass: def function_one(self): print("%s.%s invoked" % (self.__class__.__name__, get_current_function_name())) # MyClass.function_one invoked if __name__ == '__main__': print("%s : __main___" % (__file__.split(MIMVP_PROJECT_NAME)[1])) # /common/mimvptech.py : __main___ print("func.name: %s , getattr(a,'__name__'): %s" % (func.__name__, getattr(func, '__name__'))) # func.name: func , getattr(a,'__name__'): func func() myclass = MyClass() myclass.function_one()
运行结果:
/common/mimvptech.py : __main___ func.name: func , getattr(a,'__name__'): func self name: func MyClass.function_one invoked
知识拓展与思考
Python中没办法直接取得当前的行号和函数名,不像C++和PHP中的 __FILE__,__LINE__,__FUNC__,__FUNCTION__
如果一个函数在不知道自己名字的情况下,怎么才能递归调用自己,获取类名、函数名。
从python的logging模块说起,logging中的format中是有如下选项的:
%(name)s Name of the logger (logging channel) %(levelno)s Numeric logging level for the message (DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL) %(levelname)s Text logging level for the message ("DEBUG", "INFO", "WARNING", "ERROR", "CRITICAL") %(pathname)s Full pathname of the source file where the logging call was issued (if available) %(filename)s Filename portion of pathname %(module)s Module (name portion of filename) %(lineno)d Source line number where the logging call was issued (if available) %(funcName)s Function name %(created)f Time when the LogRecord was created (time.time() return value) %(asctime)s Textual time when the LogRecord was created %(msecs)d Millisecond portion of the creation time %(relativeCreated)d Time in milliseconds when the LogRecord was created, relative to the time the logging module was loaded (typically at application startup time) %(thread)d Thread ID (if available) %(threadName)s Thread name (if available) %(process)d Process ID (if available) %(message)s The result of record.getMessage(), computed just as the record is emitted
也就是说,logging是能够获取到调用者的行号和函数名的,那会不会也可以获取到自己的行号和函数名呢?
我们来看一下源码,主要部分如下:
def currentframe(): """Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame.""" try: raise Exception except: return sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back def findCaller(self): """ Find the stack frame of the caller so that we can note the source file name, line number and function name. """ f = currentframe() #On some versions of IronPython, currentframe() returns None if #IronPython isn't run with -X:Frames. if f is not None: f = f.f_back rv = "(unknown file)", 0, "(unknown function)" while hasattr(f, "f_code"): co = f.f_code filename = os.path.normcase(co.co_filename) if filename == _srcfile: f = f.f_back continue rv = (co.co_filename, f.f_lineno, co.co_name) break return rv def _log(self, level, msg, args, exc_info=None, extra=None): """ Low-level logging routine which creates a LogRecord and then calls all the handlers of this logger to handle the record. """ if _srcfile: #IronPython doesn't track Python frames, so findCaller throws an #exception on some versions of IronPython. We trap it here so that #IronPython can use logging. try: fn, lno, func = self.findCaller() except ValueError: fn, lno, func = "(unknown file)", 0, "(unknown function)" else: fn, lno, func = "(unknown file)", 0, "(unknown function)" if exc_info: if not isinstance(exc_info, tuple): exc_info = sys.exc_info() record = self.makeRecord(self.name, level, fn, lno, msg, args, exc_info, func, extra) self.handle(record)
简单解释一下,实际上是通过在currentframe函数中抛出一个异常,然后通过向上查找的方式,找到调用的信息。其中
rv = (co.co_filename, f.f_lineno, co.co_name)
上面三个值分别为文件名,行号,函数名。
可以去 sys — System-specific parameters and functions 来看一下代码中几个系统函数的说明
OK,如果已经看懂了源码,那获取当前位置的行号和函数名相信也非常清楚了,代码如下:
#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- ''' #============================================================================= # Author: dantezhu - https://www.vimer.cn # Email: zny2008@gmail.com # FileName: xf.py # Description: 获取当前位置的行号和函数名 # Version: 1.0 # LastChange: 2010-12-17 01:19:19 # History: #============================================================================= ''' import sys def get_cur_info(): """Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame.""" try: raise Exception except: f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back return (f.f_code.co_name, f.f_lineno) def callfunc(): print get_cur_info() if __name__ == '__main__': callfunc()
输入结果是:
('callfunc', 24)
符合预期!哈哈,OK!
现在应该不用再抱怨取不到行号和函数名了吧
其实,Python获取函数名、行号,也可以有更简单的方法,如下:
import sys def get_cur_info(): print sys._getframe().f_code.co_name print sys._getframe().f_back.f_code.co_name get_cur_info()
调用结果是:
get_cur_info
<module>
另外,利用python的 inspect 模块中的 getframeinfo 也可以得到.
inspect.getframeinfo( frame [, context ])
- Get information about a frame or traceback object. A 5-tuple is returned, the last five elements of the frame’s frame record.
- Changed in version 2.6: Returns a named tuple Traceback(filename, lineno, function,code_context, index).
参考推荐:
Shell 参数含义 $0、$1、$2、${n}、$#、$@、$*、$?、 $_、$!、$$
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