Python 获取当前位置所在的函数名和行号

C/C++程序调试中经常用到的几个宏:__FILE__、__FUNCTION__、__LINE__

Python程序遇到问题调试时也想用下这种方式,找了下网上资料,发现这个问题还有不少人问

Python中获取当前位置所在的函数名和行号,都封装在sys中,获取方法如下:

import sys
def get_cur_info():
print sys._getframe().f_code.co_filename      # 当前文件名,可以通过__file__获得
print sys._getframe().f_code.co_name          # 当前函数名
print sys._getframe().f_lineno                 # 当前行号
get_cur_info()

其他函数请参考:dir(sys._getframe()).

 

本文主要介绍了python 动态获取当前运行的类名和函数名的方法,

分别介绍使用内置方法、sys模块、修饰器、inspect模块等方法。

 

一、使用内置方法和修饰器方法获取类名、函数名

python中获取函数名的情况分为内部、外部

1、从函数外部获取函数名

使用指向函数的对象,然后用__name__属性

def a():
    pass
a.__name__

除此之外还可以:

getattr(a,'__name__')
a.__getattribute__('__name__')

完整示例:

def a():
    print("hello, l love u")

print(a.__name__)
print(a.__getattribute__('__name__'))
print(getattr(a,'__name__'))

尽管有些脱裤子放屁,总之,从外部获取的方法是非常灵活的。

 

2、从函数内部获取函数名

需要用些技巧

1)使用sys模块的方法:(推荐)

def a():
print sys._getframe().f_code.co_name

f_code 和 co_name 可以参考python源码解析的pyc生成和命名空间章节。

2)使用修饰器的方法: (推荐)

使用修饰器就可以对函数指向一个变量,然后取变量对象的__name__方法。

def timeit(func):
def run(*argv):
   print func.__name__
   if argv:
    ret = func(*argv)
   else:
    ret = func()
   return ret
return run

@timeit
def t(a):
print a 
t(1)

 

修饰器的改进版:

使用修饰器就可以对函数指向一个变量,然后取变量对象的__name__方法。

def get_name(func):
    def warper(*args, **kwargs):
        print("the function name is {}".format(func.__name__))
        result = func(*args, **kwargs)        
        return result    
    return warper

@get_name
def my_name():
    print("hello")
​
@get_name
def your_name(name):
    print("hello {}".format(name))

my_name()
your_name("mimvp.com")

运行结果:

the function name is my_name
hello
the function name is your_name
hello mimvp.com

 

二、使用inspect模块动态获取当前运行的函数名

import inspect

def get_current_function_name():
    return inspect.stack()[1][3]
class MyClass:
    def function_one(self):
        print "%s.%s invoked"%(self.__class__.__name__, get_current_function_name())
if __name__ == "__main__":
    myclass = MyClass()
    myclass.function_one()

动态获取当前运行的函数名很方便,特别是对于一些debug系统来说

 

完整示例:

def timeit(func):
    def run(*argv):
        print("timeit: %s" % (func.__name__))   # timeit: func
        if argv:
            ret = func(*argv)
        else:
            ret = func()
        return ret
    return run

# @timeit
def func():
    print("self name: %s" % (sys._getframe().f_code.co_name))   # self name: func
    
import inspect
def get_current_function_name():
    return inspect.stack()[1][3]
class MyClass:
    def function_one(self):
        print("%s.%s invoked" % (self.__class__.__name__, get_current_function_name()))     # MyClass.function_one invoked
        
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    print("%s : __main___" % (__file__.split(MIMVP_PROJECT_NAME)[1]))       # /common/mimvptech.py : __main___
    
    print("func.name: %s , getattr(a,'__name__'): %s" % (func.__name__, getattr(func, '__name__')))     # func.name: func , getattr(a,'__name__'): func
    
    func()
    
    myclass = MyClass()
    myclass.function_one()

运行结果:

/common/mimvptech.py : __main___
func.name: func , getattr(a,'__name__'): func
self name: func
MyClass.function_one invoked

 

 

知识拓展与思考

Python中没办法直接取得当前的行号和函数名,不像C++和PHP中的 __FILE__,__LINE__,__FUNC__,__FUNCTION__

如果一个函数在不知道自己名字的情况下,怎么才能递归调用自己,获取类名、函数名。

从python的logging模块说起,logging中的format中是有如下选项的:

%(name)s            Name of the logger (logging channel)
%(levelno)s         Numeric logging level for the message (DEBUG, INFO,
                    WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL)
%(levelname)s       Text logging level for the message ("DEBUG", "INFO",
                    "WARNING", "ERROR", "CRITICAL")
%(pathname)s        Full pathname of the source file where the logging
                    call was issued (if available)
%(filename)s        Filename portion of pathname
%(module)s          Module (name portion of filename)
%(lineno)d          Source line number where the logging call was issued
                    (if available)
%(funcName)s        Function name
%(created)f         Time when the LogRecord was created (time.time()
                    return value)
%(asctime)s         Textual time when the LogRecord was created
%(msecs)d           Millisecond portion of the creation time
%(relativeCreated)d Time in milliseconds when the LogRecord was created,
                    relative to the time the logging module was loaded
                    (typically at application startup time)
%(thread)d          Thread ID (if available)
%(threadName)s      Thread name (if available)
%(process)d         Process ID (if available)
%(message)s         The result of record.getMessage(), computed just as
                    the record is emitted

也就是说,logging是能够获取到调用者的行号和函数名的,那会不会也可以获取到自己的行号和函数名呢?
我们来看一下源码,主要部分如下:

def currentframe():
    """Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""
    try:
        raise Exception
    except:
        return sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back
def findCaller(self):
    """
    Find the stack frame of the caller so that we can note the source
    file name, line number and function name.
    """
    f = currentframe()
    #On some versions of IronPython, currentframe() returns None if
    #IronPython isn't run with -X:Frames.
    if f is not None:
        f = f.f_back
    rv = "(unknown file)", 0, "(unknown function)"
    while hasattr(f, "f_code"):
        co = f.f_code
        filename = os.path.normcase(co.co_filename)
        if filename == _srcfile:
            f = f.f_back
            continue
        rv = (co.co_filename, f.f_lineno, co.co_name)
        break
    return rv
def _log(self, level, msg, args, exc_info=None, extra=None):
    """
    Low-level logging routine which creates a LogRecord and then calls
    all the handlers of this logger to handle the record.
    """
    if _srcfile:
        #IronPython doesn't track Python frames, so findCaller throws an
        #exception on some versions of IronPython. We trap it here so that
        #IronPython can use logging.
        try:
            fn, lno, func = self.findCaller()
        except ValueError:
            fn, lno, func = "(unknown file)", 0, "(unknown function)"
    else:
        fn, lno, func = "(unknown file)", 0, "(unknown function)"
    if exc_info:
        if not isinstance(exc_info, tuple):
            exc_info = sys.exc_info()
    record = self.makeRecord(self.name, level, fn, lno, msg, args, exc_info, func, extra)
    self.handle(record)

简单解释一下,实际上是通过在currentframe函数中抛出一个异常,然后通过向上查找的方式,找到调用的信息。其中

rv = (co.co_filename, f.f_lineno, co.co_name)

上面三个值分别为文件名,行号,函数名。

可以去 sys — System-specific parameters and functions 来看一下代码中几个系统函数的说明

OK,如果已经看懂了源码,那获取当前位置的行号和函数名相信也非常清楚了,代码如下:

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
#=============================================================================
#  Author:          dantezhu - https://www.vimer.cn
#  Email:           zny2008@gmail.com
#  FileName:        xf.py
#  Description:     获取当前位置的行号和函数名
#  Version:         1.0
#  LastChange:      2010-12-17 01:19:19
#  History:         
#=============================================================================
'''
import sys
def get_cur_info():
    """Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""
    try:
        raise Exception
    except:
        f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back
    return (f.f_code.co_name, f.f_lineno)

def callfunc():
    print get_cur_info()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    callfunc()

输入结果是:

('callfunc', 24)

符合预期!哈哈,OK!

现在应该不用再抱怨取不到行号和函数名了吧

 

其实,Python获取函数名、行号,也可以有更简单的方法,如下:

import sys
def get_cur_info():
    print sys._getframe().f_code.co_name
    print sys._getframe().f_back.f_code.co_name
get_cur_info()

调用结果是:

get_cur_info
<module>

 

另外,利用python的 inspect 模块中的 getframeinfo 也可以得到.

inspect.getframeinfo( frame [, context ])

Get information about a frame or traceback object. A 5-tuple is returned, the last five elements of the frame’s frame record.
Changed in version 2.6: Returns a named tuple Traceback(filename, lineno, function,code_context, index).

 

 

参考推荐:

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