CentOS 6.3_64位搭建FTP服务器
vsftpd作为FTP服务器，在Linux系统中是非常常用的。下面我们介绍如何在centos系统上安装vsftp。
什么是vsftpd
vsftpd 是“very secure FTP daemon”的缩写，安全性是它的一个最大的特点。vsftpd 是一个 UNIX 类操作系统上运行的服务器的名字，它可以运行在诸如 Linux、BSD、Solaris、 HP-UNIX等系统上面，是一个完全免费的、开发源代码的ftp服务器软件，支持很多其他的 FTP 服务器所不支持的特征。比如：非常高的安全性需求、带宽限制、良好的可伸缩性、可创建虚拟用户、支持IPv6、速率高等。vsftpd是一款在Linux发行版中最受推崇的FTP服务器程序。特点是小巧轻快，安全易用。
OK ！现在进入安装配置。
安装vsftpd
1、以管理员（root）身份执行以下命令
yum install vsftpd # 安装ftp服务器
yum install ftp # 安装ftp工具（命令）
2、设置开机启动vsftpd ftp服务
chkconfig vsftpd on
3、启动vsftpd服务
service vsftpd start
管理vsftpd相关命令
停止vsftpd: service vsftpd stop
重启vsftpd: service vsftpd restart
配置防火墙 iptables
如果服务器没有下面防火墙文件，则不用进行设置，比如阿里云服务器就没有此配置文件
1、打开/etc/sysconfig/iptables文件
vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
2、在REJECT行之前添加如下代码
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state –state NEW -m tcp -p tcp –dport 21 -j ACCEPT
3、保存和关闭文件，重启防火墙
service iptables start
配置vsftpd服务器
默认的配置文件是/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf，你可以用文本编辑器打开。
vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
添加ftp用户
下面是添加ftpuser用户，设置根目录为/home/wwwroot/ftpuser,禁止此用户登录SSH的权限，并限制其访问其它目录。
1、修改 vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
将底下三行
#chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
改为
chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
2、增加用户ftpuser，指向目录/home/data/FTP/ftpuser, 禁止登录SSH权限。
useradd -d /home/data/FTP/ftpuser -g ftp -s /sbin/nologin ftpuser
有的FTP服务器需要用户名和密码才能登录,就是因为设置了FTP用户和权限.
FTP用户一般是不能登录系统的,只能进入FTP服务器自己的目录中,这是为了安全.
这样的用户就叫做虚拟用户了.实际上并不是真正的虚拟用户,只是不能登录SHELL了而已,没能力登录系统.
/usr/sbin/adduser -d /opt/test_ftp -g ftp -s /sbin/nologin ftp_test
这个命令的意思是:
使用命令(adduser)添加ftp_test用户,不能登录系统(-s /sbin/nologin),自己的文件夹在(-d /opt/test_ftp)),属于组ftp(-g ftp)
然后你需要为它设置密码
passwd ftp_test
这样就添加了一个FTP用户了.下面的示例可以帮助你进入FTP服务器了.
3、设置用户口令
passwd ftpuser
4、编辑文件chroot_list:
vi /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
内容为ftp用户名,每个用户占一行,如：
ftpuser # 此处的用户名，是前面useradd添加的用户名（及密码），ftp登录即为此用户名和密码
ithomer
5、重新启动vsftpd
service vsftpd restart
6、ftp命令登录
ftp localhost 或者 ftp 110.12.32.201
7、ftp访问特定目录
chroot_local_user=YES # 打开此行，限制开放仅能访问特定目录 #chroot_list_enable=YES # 不开放此行，否则其它目录可访问 # (default follows) chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
WordPress后台更新插件时，无法创建目录，解决方法：
1） 先查看当前的的apache应用运行的用户和组 ps -ef | grep httpd
2） 在使用 chown apache:apache -R /var/www/html/wordpress
错误解决
1、ftp 500 OOPS: cannot change directory，解决方法：
cannot change directory:/home/***
在链接ftp服务器连接失败，错误提示：
500 OOPS: cannot change directory:/home/*******
500 OOPS: child died
解决方法，在终端输入命令：
setsebool -P ftpd_disable_trans 1 service vsftpd restart
原因：这是因为服务器开启了selinux，这限制了FTP的登录。
配置好的文件
vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out). #anonymous_enable=YES anonymous_enable=NO # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. local_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. write_enable=YES # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) local_umask=022 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. #anon_upload_enable=YES # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # # Activate logging of uploads/downloads. xferlog_enable=YES # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown # below. xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log # # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format. # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case. xferlog_std_format=YES # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. #ascii_upload_enable=YES #ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the # chroot) chroot_local_user=YES chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. #ls_recurse_enable=YES # # When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction # with the listen_ipv6 directive. listen=YES # # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6 # sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files. # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !! #listen_ipv6=YES pam_service_name=vsftpd userlist_enable=YES tcp_wrappers=YES convert_charset_enable=1 local_charset=UTF8 remote_charset=WIN1251 double_377=0 #pasv_addr_rules=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.pasv_rules anti_bruteforce=1 anti_bruteforce_banner=Bruteforce detected. Server in safe mode. http_enable=no ftp_enable=yes http_browse=no http_browse_tpl=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd-browse.html http_browse_line_tpl=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd-browse_line.html http_error_403_server_tpl=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd-403-serv.html http_error_403_tpl=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd-403.html http_error_404_tpl=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd-404.html #one_process_model=yes one_process_model=no
参考推荐：
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