Python requests 安装与开发
Requests 是用Python语言编写HTTP客户端库,跟urllib、urllib2类似,基于 urllib,但比 urllib 更加方便,可以节约我们大量的工作,完全满足 HTTP 测试需求,编写爬虫和测试服务器响应数据时经常会用到。
Requests 的哲学是以 PEP 20 的习语为中心开发的,所以它比 urllib 更加 Pythoner,更重要的一点是它支持 Python3
- Beautiful is better than ugly. (美丽优于丑陋)
- Explicit is better than implicit. (清楚优于含糊)
- Simple is better than complex. (简单优于复杂)
- Complex is better than complicated. (复杂优于繁琐)
- Readability counts. (重要的是可读性)
Requests 官网:
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/requests
安装 Requests
方式1)pip 安装
pip install requests # python2.7
pip3 install requests # python3.6
方式2)源码安装
解压安装:
tar zxvf requests-2.18.2.tar.gz
cd requests
python setup.py install
验证安装:
$ python Python 2.7.13 (v2.7.13:a06454b1afa1, Dec 17 2016, 12:39:47) [GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import requests >>> requests <module 'requests' from '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/__init__.pyc'>
使用 Requests
requests 封装了Python的urlib和urllib2,所以爬取网页非常简洁
1. 爬取网页
import requests # 爬取米扑科技首页 req = requests.get(url = 'http://mimvp.com') print("status_code : " + str(req.status_code)) print("mimvp text : " + req.text) # 爬取米扑代理(含请求参数) req = requests.get(url='http://proxy.mimvp.com/free.php', params={'proxy':'out_tp','sort':'p_ping'}) print("status_code : " + str(req.status_code)) print("mimvp text : " + req.text)
爬取网页非常简洁吧,Python urllib 三行代码,requests只需要一行代码搞定
urllib : urllib.urlopen('http://mimvp.com').read()
urllib2: urllib2.urlopen('http://mimvp.com').read()
或者
import urllib2 req = urllib2.Request('http://mimvp.com') res = urllib2.urlopen(req) page = res.read()
requests 接口格式:
requests.get('https://mimvp.com/timeline.json') # GET请求 requests.post('http://mimvp.com/post') # POST请求 requests.put('http://mimvp.com/put') # PUT请求 requests.delete('http://mimvp.com/delete') # DELETE请求 requests.head('http://mimvp.com/get') # HEAD请求 requests.options('http://mimvp.com/get') # OPTIONS请求
requests 接口示例:
import requests requests.get('http://mimvp.com', params={'love': 'mimvp'}) # GET参数实例 requests.post('http://mimvp.com', data={'love': 'mimvp'}) # POST参数实例
Requests 设置代理
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- encoding: utf-8 -*- # # Python requests 支持 http、https、socks4、socks5 # # 米扑代理示例: # http://proxy.mimvp.com/demo.php # # 米扑代理购买: # http://proxy.mimvp.com # # mimvp.com # 2016-09-16 import requests import ssl import socks, socket # 需要引入socks.py文件,请到米扑代理下载 mimvp_url = "http://proxy.mimvp.com/exist.php" mimvp_url2 = "https://proxy.mimvp.com/exist.php" mimvp_url3 = "https://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery-i18n/1.1.1/jquery.i18n.min.js" # 使用代理 http, https proxies = { "http" : "http://120.77.155.249:8888", "https" : "http://54.255.211.38:80", } req = requests.get(mimvp_url2, proxies=proxies, timeout=30, verify=False) print("mimvp text : " + req.text) # 使用代理 socks4 proxies = { 'socks4' : '163.121.188.2:4000', } socks4_ip = proxies['socks4'].split(":")[0] socks4_port = int(proxies['socks4'].split(":")[1]) socks.setdefaultproxy(socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS4, socks4_ip, socks4_port) socket.socket = socks.socksocket req = requests.get(mimvp_url2, timeout=30, verify=False) print("mimvp text : " + req.text) # 使用代理 socks5 proxies = { 'socks5' : '190.9.58.211:45454', } socks5_ip = proxies['socks5'].split(":")[0] socks5_port = int(proxies['socks5'].split(":")[1]) socks.setdefaultproxy(socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5, socks5_ip, socks5_port) socket.socket = socks.socksocket req = requests.get(mimvp_url2, timeout=30, verify=False) print("mimvp text : " + req.text)
本示例采用的米扑代理,支持 http、https、socks4、socks5等多种协议,覆盖全球120多个国家,中国34个省市
推荐米扑代理: http://proxy.mimvp.com
参考推荐:
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