awk 简明教程
AWK取了三位创始人 Alfred Aho,Peter Weinberger, 和 Brian Kernighan 的Family Name的首字符,学习AWK有一本相当经典的书《The AWK Programming Language》
我在这里的教程并不想面面俱到,本文和我之前的Go语言简介一样,全是示例,基本无废话。
我只想达到两个目的:
1)你可以在乘坐公交地铁上下班,或是在坐马桶拉大便时读完(保证是一泡大便的工夫)。
2)我只想让这篇博文像一个火辣的脱衣舞女挑起你的兴趣,然后还要你自己去下工夫去撸。
起步上台
我从netstat命令中提取了如下信息作为用例:
netstat -anpt > netstat.txt
head -n20 netstat.txt
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1879/redis-server tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:5037 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 18609/adb tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1054/dnsmasq tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8086 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2226/python tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 521/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 865/cupsd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8087 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2226/python tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1874/master tcp 0 0 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.37:50457 ESTABLISHED 1879/redis-server tcp 0 0 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.99:36935 ESTABLISHED 1879/redis-server tcp 0 0 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.99:37006 ESTABLISHED 1879/redis-server tcp 0 0 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.37:50646 ESTABLISHED 1879/redis-server tcp 0 0 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.99:36948 ESTABLISHED 1879/redis-server tcp 0 0 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.37:50537 ESTABLISHED 1879/redis-server tcp 1 0 172.27.22.21:38669 91.189.89.144:80 CLOSE_WAIT 2607/ubuntu-geoip-p tcp 0 0 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.37:50489 ESTABLISHED 1879/redis-server tcp 0 0 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.37:50566 ESTABLISHED 1879/redis-server tcp 0 0 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.37:50678 ESTABLISHED 1879/redis-server
下面是最简单最常用的awk示例,其输出第1列和第4例,
- 其中单引号中的被大括号括着的就是awk的语句,注意,其只能被单引号包含。
- 其中的$1..$n表示第几例。注:$0表示整个行
awk '{print $1, $4}' netstat.txt | head -n20
Proto Local tcp 0.0.0.0:6379 tcp 127.0.0.1:5037 tcp 127.0.0.1:53 tcp 127.0.0.1:8086 tcp 0.0.0.0:22 tcp 127.0.0.1:631 tcp 127.0.0.1:8087 tcp 0.0.0.0:25 tcp 172.27.22.21:6379 tcp 172.27.22.21:6379 tcp 172.27.22.21:6379 tcp 172.27.22.21:6379 tcp 172.27.22.21:6379 tcp 172.27.22.21:6379 tcp 172.27.22.21:38669 tcp 172.27.22.21:6379 tcp 172.27.22.21:6379 tcp 172.27.22.21:6379
我们再来看看awk的格式化输出,和C语言的printf没什么两样:
awk '{printf "%-8s %-8s %-8s %-18s %-22s %-15s %-20s\n",$1,$2,$3,$4,$5,$6,$7}' netstat.txt | head -n20
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1879/redis-server tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:5037 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 18609/adb tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1054/dnsmasq tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8086 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2226/python tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 521/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 865/cupsd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8087 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2226/python tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1874/master tcp 0 0 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.37:50457 ESTABLISHED 1879/redis-server tcp 0 0 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.99:36935 ESTABLISHED 1879/redis-server tcp 0 0 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.99:37006 ESTABLISHED 1879/redis-server tcp 0 0 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.37:50646 ESTABLISHED 1879/redis-server tcp 0 0 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.99:36948 ESTABLISHED 1879/redis-server tcp 0 0 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.37:50537 ESTABLISHED 1879/redis-server tcp 1 0 172.27.22.21:38669 91.189.89.144:80 CLOSE_WAIT 2607/ubuntu-geoip-p tcp 0 0 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.37:50489 ESTABLISHED 1879/redis-server tcp 0 0 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.37:50566 ESTABLISHED 1879/redis-server tcp 0 0 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.37:50678 ESTABLISHED 1879/redis-server
过滤记录
我们再来看看如何过滤记录(下面过滤条件为:第三列的值为0 && 第6列的值为LISTEN)
awk '$3==0 && $6=="LISTEN" ' netstat.txt
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1879/redis-server tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:5037 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 18609/adb tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1054/dnsmasq tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8086 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2226/python tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 521/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 865/cupsd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8087 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2226/python tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1874/master tcp6 0 0 :::2222 :::* LISTEN 1426/java tcp6 0 0 :::2223 :::* LISTEN 1426/java tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 22110/java tcp6 0 0 :::2229 :::* LISTEN 1426/java tcp6 0 0 :::22133 :::* LISTEN 1426/java tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 521/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 865/cupsd tcp6 0 0 :::25 :::* LISTEN 1874/master tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:8700 :::* LISTEN 31471/java tcp6 0 0 :::6627 :::* LISTEN 22054/java
其中的“==”为比较运算符。其他比较运算符:!=, >, <, >=, <=
我们来看看各种过滤记录的方式:
awk
' $3>0 {print $0}'
netstat
.txt
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp6 0 28 172.27.22.21:2229 172.27.22.99:56122 ESTABLISHED 1426/java tcp6 0 28 172.27.22.21:2229 172.27.22.99:56181 ESTABLISHED 1426/java tcp6 0 28 172.27.22.21:2229 172.27.22.37:39329 ESTABLISHED 1426/java tcp6 0 28 172.27.22.21:2229 172.27.22.99:56116 ESTABLISHED 1426/java tcp6 0 28 172.27.22.21:2229 172.27.22.37:39378 ESTABLISHED 1426/java tcp6 0 28 172.27.22.21:2229 172.27.22.99:56173 ESTABLISHED 1426/java
如果我们需要表头的话,我们可以引入内建变量NR:
awk
'$3==0 && $6=="LISTEN" || NR==1 '
netstat
.txt
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1879/redis-server tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:5037 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 18609/adb tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1054/dnsmasq tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8086 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2226/python tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 521/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 865/cupsd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8087 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2226/python tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1874/master tcp6 0 0 :::2222 :::* LISTEN 1426/java tcp6 0 0 :::2223 :::* LISTEN 1426/java tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 22110/java
再加上格式化输出:
awk
'$3==0 && $6=="LISTEN" || NR==1 {printf "%-20s %-20s %s\n",$4,$5,$6}'
netstat
.txt
0.0.0.0:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 127.0.0.1:5037 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 127.0.0.1:8086 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 127.0.0.1:8087 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0.0.0.0:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN :::2222 :::* LISTEN :::2223 :::* LISTEN :::8080 :::* LISTEN
内建变量
说到了内建变量,我们可以来看看awk的一些内建变量:
$0 | 当前记录(这个变量中存放着整个行的内容) |
$1~$n | 当前记录的第n个字段,字段间由FS分隔 |
FS | 输入字段分隔符 默认是空格或Tab |
NF | 当前记录中的字段个数,就是有多少列 |
NR | 已经读出的记录数,就是行号,从1开始,如果有多个文件话,这个值也是不断累加中。 |
FNR | 当前记录数,与NR不同的是,这个值会是各个文件自己的行号 |
RS | 输入的记录分隔符, 默认为换行符 |
OFS | 输出字段分隔符, 默认也是空格 |
ORS | 输出的记录分隔符,默认为换行符 |
FILENAME | 当前输入文件的名字 |
怎么使用呢,比如:我们如果要输出行号:
awk '$3==0 && $6=="ESTABLISHED" || NR==1 {printf "%02s %s %-20s %-20s %s\n",NR, FNR, $4,$5,$6}' netstat.txt | head -n20
11 11 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.37:50457 ESTABLISHED 12 12 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.99:36935 ESTABLISHED 13 13 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.99:37006 ESTABLISHED 14 14 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.37:50646 ESTABLISHED 15 15 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.99:36948 ESTABLISHED 16 16 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.37:50537 ESTABLISHED 18 18 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.37:50489 ESTABLISHED 19 19 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.37:50566 ESTABLISHED 20 20 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.37:50678 ESTABLISHED 21 21 172.27.22.21:6379 172.27.22.37:50433 ESTABLISHED 22 22 172.27.22.21:60028 74.125.128.147:443 ESTABLISHED
指定分隔符
awk 'BEGIN{FS=":"} {print $1,$3,$6}' /etc/passwd
root 0 /root bin 1 /bin daemon 2 /sbin adm 3 /var/adm lp 4 /var/spool/lpd sync 5 /sbin shutdown 6 /sbin halt 7 /sbin
上面的命令也等价于:(-F的意思就是指定分隔符)
awk -F: '{print $1,$3,$6}' /etc/passwd
注:如果你要指定多个分隔符,你可以这样来:
awk
-F
'[;:]'
再来看一个以\t作为分隔符输出的例子(下面使用了/etc/passwd文件,这个文件是以:分隔的):
awk -F: '{print $1,$3,$6}' OFS="\t" /etc/passwd
root 0 /root bin 1 /bin daemon 2 /sbin adm 3 /var/adm lp 4 /var/spool/lpd sync 5 /sbin
字符串匹配
我们再来看几个字符串匹配的示例:
awk '$6 ~ /WAIT/ || NR==1 {print NR,$4,$5,$6}' OFS="\t" netstat.txt
17 172.27.22.21:38669 91.189.89.144:80 CLOSE_WAIT 27 172.27.22.21:39657 74.125.128.103:443 TIME_WAIT 107 172.27.22.21:58042 107.23.65.173:80 CLOSE_WAIT 115 172.27.22.21:45796 190.93.254.61:80 CLOSE_WAIT 116 172.27.22.21:44532 190.93.243.191:80 CLOSE_WAIT 117 172.27.22.21:40788 107.23.81.65:80 CLOSE_WAIT 118 172.27.22.21:41713 176.32.99.120:80 CLOSE_WAIT
上面的第一个示例匹配FIN状态, 第二个示例匹配WAIT字样的状态。其实 ~ 表示模式开始。/ /中是模式。这就是一个正则表达式的匹配。
其实awk可以像grep一样的去匹配第一行,就像这样:
awk '/LISTEN/' netstat.txt
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1879/redis-server tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:5037 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 18609/adb tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1054/dnsmasq tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8086 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2226/python tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 521/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 865/cupsd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8087 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2226/python tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1874/master tcp6 0 0 :::2222 :::* LISTEN 1426/java tcp6 0 0 :::2223 :::* LISTEN 1426/java tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 22110/java tcp6 0 0 :::2229 :::* LISTEN 1426/java tcp6 0 0 :::22133 :::* LISTEN 1426/java
我们可以使用 “/FIN|TIME/” 来匹配 FIN 或者 TIME :
$ awk '$6 ~ /FIN|TIME/ || NR==1 {print NR,$4,$5,$6}' OFS="\t" netstat.txt 1 Local-Address Foreign-Address State 5 coolshell.cn:80 124.205.5.146:18245 TIME_WAIT 6 coolshell.cn:80 61.140.101.185:37538 FIN_WAIT2 9 coolshell.cn:80 116.234.127.77:11502 FIN_WAIT2 11 coolshell.cn:80 183.60.215.36:36970 TIME_WAIT 13 coolshell.cn:80 124.152.181.209:26825 FIN_WAIT1 15 coolshell.cn:80 183.60.212.163:51082 TIME_WAIT 18 coolshell.cn:80 117.136.20.85:50025 FIN_WAIT2
再来看看模式取反的例子:
$ awk '$6 !~ /WAIT/ || NR==1 {print NR,$4,$5,$6}' OFS="\t" netstat.txt 1 Local-Address Foreign-Address State 2 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7 coolshell.cn:80 110.194.134.189:1032 ESTABLISHED 8 coolshell.cn:80 123.169.124.111:49809 ESTABLISHED 10 coolshell.cn:80 123.169.124.111:49829 ESTABLISHED 12 coolshell.cn:80 61.148.242.38:30901 ESTABLISHED 14 coolshell.cn:80 110.194.134.189:4796 ESTABLISHED 16 coolshell.cn:80 208.115.113.92:50601 LAST_ACK 17 coolshell.cn:80 123.169.124.111:49840 ESTABLISHED 19 :::22 :::* LISTEN
或是:
awk
'!/WAIT/'
netstat
.txt
折分文件
awk拆分文件很简单,使用重定向就好了。下面这个例子,是按第6例分隔文件,相当的简单(其中的NR!=1表示不处理表头)。
$ awk 'NR!=1{print > $6}' netstat.txt $ ls ESTABLISHED FIN_WAIT1 FIN_WAIT2 LAST_ACK LISTEN netstat.txt TIME_WAIT $ cat ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 coolshell.cn:80 110.194.134.189:1032 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 coolshell.cn:80 123.169.124.111:49809 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 coolshell.cn:80 123.169.124.111:49829 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 4166 coolshell.cn:80 61.148.242.38:30901 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 coolshell.cn:80 110.194.134.189:4796 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 coolshell.cn:80 123.169.124.111:49840 ESTABLISHED $ cat FIN_WAIT1 tcp 0 1 coolshell.cn:80 124.152.181.209:26825 FIN_WAIT1 $ cat FIN_WAIT2 tcp 0 0 coolshell.cn:80 61.140.101.185:37538 FIN_WAIT2 tcp 0 0 coolshell.cn:80 116.234.127.77:11502 FIN_WAIT2 tcp 0 0 coolshell.cn:80 117.136.20.85:50025 FIN_WAIT2 $ cat LAST_ACK tcp 0 1 coolshell.cn:80 208.115.113.92:50601 LAST_ACK $ cat LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN $ cat TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 coolshell.cn:80 124.205.5.146:18245 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 coolshell.cn:80 183.60.215.36:36970 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 coolshell.cn:80 183.60.212.163:51082 TIME_WAIT
你也可以把指定的列输出到文件:
awk
'NR!=1{print $4,$5 > $6}'
netstat
.txt
再复杂一点:(注意其中的if-else-if语句,可见awk其实是个脚本解释器)
$ awk 'NR!=1{if($6 ~ /TIME|ESTABLISHED/) print > "1.txt"; else if($6 ~ /LISTEN/) print > "2.txt"; else print > "3.txt" }' netstat.txt $ ls ?.txt 1.txt 2.txt 3.txt $ cat 1.txt tcp 0 0 coolshell.cn:80 124.205.5.146:18245 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 coolshell.cn:80 110.194.134.189:1032 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 coolshell.cn:80 123.169.124.111:49809 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 coolshell.cn:80 123.169.124.111:49829 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 coolshell.cn:80 183.60.215.36:36970 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 4166 coolshell.cn:80 61.148.242.38:30901 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 coolshell.cn:80 110.194.134.189:4796 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 coolshell.cn:80 183.60.212.163:51082 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 coolshell.cn:80 123.169.124.111:49840 ESTABLISHED $ cat 2.txt tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN $ cat 3.txt tcp 0 0 coolshell.cn:80 61.140.101.185:37538 FIN_WAIT2 tcp 0 0 coolshell.cn:80 116.234.127.77:11502 FIN_WAIT2 tcp 0 1 coolshell.cn:80 124.152.181.209:26825 FIN_WAIT1 tcp 0 1 coolshell.cn:80 208.115.113.92:50601 LAST_ACK tcp 0 0 coolshell.cn:80 117.136.20.85:50025 FIN_WAIT2
统计
下面的命令计算所有的C文件,CPP文件和H文件的文件大小总和。
ls
-l *.cpp *.c *.h |
awk
'{sum+=$5} END {print sum}'
2511401
我们再来看一个统计各个connection状态的用法:(我们可以看到一些编程的影子了,大家都是程序员我就不解释了。注意其中的数组的用法)
$ awk 'NR!=1{a[$6]++;} END {for (i in a) print i ", " a[i];}' netstat.txt TIME_WAIT, 3 FIN_WAIT1, 1 ESTABLISHED, 6 FIN_WAIT2, 3 LAST_ACK, 1 LISTEN, 4
再来看看统计每个用户的进程的占了多少内存(注:sum的RSS那一列)
$ ps aux | awk 'NR!=1{a[$1]+=$6;} END { for(i in a) print i ", " a[i]"KB";}' dbus, 540KB mysql, 99928KB www, 3264924KB root, 63644KB hchen, 6020KB
awk 脚本
在上面我们可以看到一个END关键字。END的意思是“处理完所有的行的标识”,即然说到了END就有必要介绍一下BEGIN,这两个关键字意味着执行前和执行后的意思,语法如下:
- BEGIN{ 这里面放的是执行前的语句 }
- END {这里面放的是处理完所有的行后要执行的语句 }
- {这里面放的是处理每一行时要执行的语句}
为了说清楚这个事,我们来看看下面的示例:
假设有这么一个文件(学生成绩表):
$ cat score.txt Marry 2143 78 84 77 Jack 2321 66 78 45 Tom 2122 48 77 71 Mike 2537 87 97 95 Bob 2415 40 57 62
我们的awk脚本如下(我没有写有命令行上是因为命令行上不易读,另外也在介绍另一种用法):
$ cat cal.awk #!/bin/awk -f #运行前 BEGIN { math = 0 english = 0 computer = 0 printf "NAME NO. MATH ENGLISH COMPUTER TOTAL\n" printf "---------------------------------------------\n" } #运行中 { math+=$3 english+=$4 computer+=$5 printf "%-6s %-6s %4d %8d %8d %8d\n", $1, $2, $3,$4,$5, $3+$4+$5 } #运行后 END { printf "---------------------------------------------\n" printf " TOTAL:%10d %8d %8d \n", math, english, computer printf "AVERAGE:%10.2f %8.2f %8.2f\n", math/NR, english/NR, computer/NR }
我们来看一下执行结果:(也可以这样运行 ./cal.awk score.txt)
$ awk -f cal.awk score.txt NAME NO. MATH ENGLISH COMPUTER TOTAL --------------------------------------------- Marry 2143 78 84 77 239 Jack 2321 66 78 45 189 Tom 2122 48 77 71 196 Mike 2537 87 97 95 279 Bob 2415 40 57 62 159 --------------------------------------------- TOTAL: 319 393 350 AVERAGE: 63.80 78.60 70.00
环境变量
即然说到了脚本,我们来看看怎么和环境变量交互:(使用-v参数和ENVIRON,使用ENVIRON的环境变量需要export)
$ x=5 $ y=10 $ export y $ echo $x $y 5 10 $ awk -v val=$x '{print $1, $2, $3, $4+val, $5+ENVIRON["y"]}' OFS="\t" score.txt Marry 2143 78 89 87 Jack 2321 66 83 55 Tom 2122 48 82 81 Mike 2537 87 102 105 Bob 2415 40 62 72
几个花活
最后,我们再来看几个小例子:
awk 'length>80' file #按连接数查看客户端IP netstat -ntu | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr #打印99乘法表 seq 9 | sed 'H;g' | awk -v RS='' '{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++)printf("%dx%d=%d%s", i, NR, i*NR, i==NR?"\n":"\t")}'
自己撸吧
关于其中的一些知识点可以参看gawk的手册:
- 内建变量,参看:http://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.html#Built_002din-Variables
- 流控方面,参看:http://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.html#Statements
- 内建函数,参看:http://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.html#Built_002din
- 正则表达式,参看:http://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.html#Regexp
- Linux下应该知道的技巧
参考推荐:
原文: coolshell.cn
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