MongoDB索引
1. ensureIndex 添加索引
ensureIndex 函数帮助文档
db.blog.ensureIndex(keypattern[,options]) - options is an object with th ese possible fields: name, unique, dropDups
name:指定索引名称
unique : 是否唯一索引
dropDups:是否删除重复
创建索引的缺点:每次插入、更新、删除时都会产生额外的开销,要尽可能少创建索引。每个集合默认的最大索引个数为64个。
如果没有对应的键,索引会将其作为null存储,所以,如果对某个建立了唯一索引,但插入了多个缺少该索引键的文档,则由于文档包含null值而导致插入失败。
例子
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d0c9387a7fee4eb6bfa9"), "name" : "aaa", "age" : 23, " sex" : "male" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d0e5387a7fee4eb6bfaa"), "name" : "bbb", "age" : 25, "se x" : "male" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d0f4387a7fee4eb6bfab"), "name" : "ccc", "age" : 25, "sex " : "male" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d100387a7fee4eb6bfac"), "name" : "ddd", "age" : 25, "sex " : "male" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d110387a7fee4eb6bfad"), "name" : "eee", "age" : 23, "sex " : "male" }
> db.users.ensureIndex({"name":1,"age":-1},{"name":"userIndex"})
//1,-1代表索引方向
//查找索引
> db.system.indexes.find()
{ "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "v" : 0 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d1d0387a7fee4eb6bfb1"), "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { " name" : 1, "age" : -1 }, "name" : "userIndex", "v" : 0 }
2. explain() 监控索引使用情况
> db.users.find({"name":"qff","age":23}).explain()
{
"cursor" : "BtreeCursor userIndex",//没有使用索引时为BasicCursor,索引存储在B树结构中,所以使用查询时候会使用BtreeCursor类型的游标,userIndex为使用索引的名称
"nscanned" : 1,//查找了多少个文档
"nscannedObjects" : 1,
"n" : 1,//返回文档的数量
"millis" : 50,//数据库执行查询时间
"nYields" : 0,
"nChunkSkips" : 0,
"isMultiKey" : false,
"indexOnly" : false,
"indexBounds" : {
"name" : [
[
"qff",
"qff"
]
],
"age" : [
[
23,
23
]
]
}
}
3. hint 强制使用某个索引
> db.users.find({"age":23,"name":/.*/}).hint({"name":1,"age":-1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d110387a7fee4eb6bfad"), "name" : "aaa", "age" : 23, "sex
" : "male" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d121387a7fee4eb6bfaf"), "name" : "bbb", "age" : 23, "se
x" : "male" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d11b387a7fee4eb6bfae"), "name" : "ccc", "age" : 23, "sex
" : "male" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d12b387a7fee4eb6bfb0"), "name" : "ddd", "age" : 23, "se
x" : "male" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d0c9387a7fee4eb6bfa9"), "name" : "eee", "age" : 23, "
sex" : "male" }
MongoDB的查询优化器非常智能,会替你选择该用哪个索引,多数情况下不需要指定的。
参考推荐:
Create a Unique Index (官方文档)
原文: MongoDB索引
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