准备工作,需要先下载pcre库,因为nginx的rewrite模块需要pcre库

这里使用的版本分别为:

pcre下载地址: ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/, 或直接下载最新 pcre-8.34.tar.gz

nginx下载地址:http://nginx.org/en/download.html,或直接下载最新 nginx-1.4.7.tar.gz

copy压缩包至linux的相应目录,例如:opt下的software,需要确认当前登录用户有权限进行解压和安装。

 

0)安装zlib库:

官方下载http://www.zlib.net, 最新版为 zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz

tar zxvf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz

cd zlib-1.2.8

./configure --prefix=/opt/zlib-1.2.8/

make && make install

 

1)安装pcre库:

tar zxvf pcre-8.34.tar.gz

cd pcre-8.34

./configure    # 默认安装(推荐

./configure  --prefix=/opt/pcre-8.34/

make && make install

在这里可能会遇到出错,显示configure: error: newly created file is older than distributed files!

同步更新一下当前的系统时间即可,操作:

ntpdate 210.72.145.22

ntpdate 0.centos.pool.ntp.org

然后进行安装

make && make install

cd ../

 

2)安装Nginx:

tar zxvf nginx-1.4.7.tar.gz

cd nginx-1.4.7

在这里需要对nginx的源码做一下小的处理,默认nginx是不支持静态文件的POST提交。一般浏览器默认的设置是缓存静态资源的,而有时候却需要对静态文件进行更新,这就需要使用post提交了,而此时nginx却返回405,一般处理方法是在配置的时候这样写:

error_page 405 =200 @405;

location @405

{

root /opt/htdocs;

}

重定向了405->200了,并且给405这个错误指定了doc_root,就是正常的doc_root的配置。

有兴趣可以参考这里:Nginx的405错误(已解决)

 

也可以对源码进行一些小的改动,使用vim或是copy下来修改都可以。

这里copy下来进行修改的,文件是src/http/modules/ngx_http_static_module.c

[root@homeros nginx-1.4.7]# vim src/http/modules/ngx_http_static_module.c

找到下图中的那一行,并将其注释掉:

nginx-static-resource

大致意思是静态资源请求的处理方法中,如果发现请求方法为post提交则拒绝

接下来就是安装了

./configure    # 默认安装(推荐

./configure --with-pcre=/opt/pcre-8.34/ --with-zlib=/opt/zlib-1.2.8/

./configure --with-pcre=../pcre-8.34/ --with-zlib=/opt/zlib-1.2.8/      # 指定 pcre 源目录

make && make install

默认安装提示:

Configuration summary
  + using PCRE library: /opt/pcre-8.34/
  + OpenSSL library is not used
  + using builtin md5 code
  + sha1 library is not found
  + using zlib library: /opt/zlib-1.2.8/

  nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"
  nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
  nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"
  nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
  nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
  nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"
  nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"
  nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
  nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
  nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
  nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
  nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"

nginx默认被安装在/usr/local/nginx,其二进制文件和配置文件分别在 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 和 /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

 

安装完 nginx 后,需要验证安装是否成功:

1) 启动 nginx 服务: 

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

打开浏览器,输入: http://localhost:80 ,启动成功会显示如下页面:

nginx-load-successful

 

2) 测试 nginx 配置文件:

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

 

3)开机自启动nginx

这里使用的是编写shell脚本的方式来处理

方法1: 最简单的实现 start 和 stop

#!/bin/bash
# Startup script for the nginx Web Server
# description: nginx is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve
# HTML files and CGI.
# processname: nginx
# pidfile: /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
export PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
NGINX_HOME=/usr/local/nginx/sbin
NGINX_CONF=/usr/local/nginx/conf
if [ ! -f "$NGINX_HOME/nginx" ]
then
    echo "nginxserver startup: cannot start"
    exit
fi
case "$1" in
    'start')
    $NGINX_HOME/nginx -c $NGINX_CONF/nginx.conf
    echo "nginx start successful"
    ;;
    'stop')
    killall -TERM nginx
    ;;
esac

 

方法2: 功能完善的 nginx 启动脚本(推荐

#!/bin/bash
# nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server
# it is v.0.0.2 version.
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.
#              It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone.
# processname: nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginxd=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx_config=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx_pid=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
RETVAL=0
prog="nginx"
# Source function library.
.  /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
.  /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
[ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0
# Start nginx daemons functions.
start() {
    if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then
        echo "nginx already running...."
        exit 1
    fi
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx
    return $RETVAL
}
# Stop nginx daemons functions.
stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    killproc $nginxd
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
}

reload() {
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    #kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}`
    killproc $nginxd -HUP
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
    start)
    start
    ;;
    stop)
    stop
    ;;
    reload)
    reload
    ;;
    restart)
    stop
    start
    ;;
    status)
    status $prog
    RETVAL=$?
    ;;
    *)
    echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"
    exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL

 

方法3:自己研究脚本,且行且珍惜

#!/bin/sh  
#  
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemin  
#  
# chkconfig:   - 85 15   
# description:  Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \  
#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server  
# processname: nginx  
# bin          /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
# config:      /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf  
# pidfile:     /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid  

# Source function library.  
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions  

# Source networking configuration.  
. /etc/sysconfig/network  

# Check that networking is up.  
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0  

nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"  
prog=$(basename $nginx)  

NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"  

lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx  

start() {  
    [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5  
    [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6  
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "  
    daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE  
    retval=$?  
    echo  
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile  
    return $retval  
}  

stop() {  
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "  
    killproc $prog -QUIT  
    retval=$?  
    echo  
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile  
    return $retval  
}  

restart() {  
    configtest || return $?  
    stop  
    start  
}  

reload() {  
    configtest || return $?  
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "  
    killproc $nginx -HUP  
    RETVAL=$?  
    echo  
}  

force_reload() {  
    restart  
}  

configtest() {  
    $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE  
}  

rh_status() {  
    status $prog  
}  

rh_status_q() {  
    rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1  
}  

case "$1" in  
    start)  
    rh_status_q && exit 0  
    $1  
    ;;  
    stop)  
    rh_status_q || exit 0  
    $1  
    ;;  
    restart|configtest)  
    $1  
    ;;  
    reload)  
    rh_status_q || exit 7  
    $1  
    ;;  
    force-reload)  
    force_reload  
    ;;  
    status)  
    rh_status  
    ;;  
    condrestart|try-restart)  
    rh_status_q || exit 0  
    ;;  
    *)  
    echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"  
    exit 2  
esac  

:wq  保存并退出

设置文件的访问权限

chmod a+x /etc/init.d/nginx   (a+x ==> all user can execute  所有用户可执行)

 

这样在控制台就很容易的操作nginx了,例如查看Nginx当前状态、启动Nginx、停止Nginx、重启Nginx,如下图:nginx-command-operation

 

开机自启动方法

方法1: 同样的修改了nginx的配置文件nginx.conf,也可以使用上面的命令重新加载新的配置文件并运行,可以将此命令加入到rc.local文件中,这样开机的时候nginx就默认启动了

vi /etc/rc.local

加入一行  /etc/init.d/nginx start    保存并退出,下次重启会生效。

方法2: 开机自启动更好的办法是添加到 chkconfig 配置里。

 

nginx 添加进 chkconfig,步骤如下:

1) 由于 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 并不在默认的环境变量里,因此需要手动添加PATH 或 软链接到默认环境变量里

系统默认环境变量: echo $PATH

/opt/hadoop-2.2.0/sbin:/opt/hadoop-2.2.0/bin:/opt/zookeeper-3.4.5/bin:/opt/jdk1.6.0_22/bin:/opt/jdk1.6.0_22/jre/bin:/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/homeros/bin

此处建议把 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 软链接添加进环境变量:

ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx

 

2) 软链接到系统环境变量后,然后才可以 chkconfig 添加到开机自启动:

chkconfig nginx on

输入命令 chkconfig 查看添加结果:

network            0:off    1:off    2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
nfs                0:off    1:off    2:off    3:off    4:off    5:off    6:off
nfslock            0:off    1:off    2:off    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

nginx              0:off    1:off    2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
ntpd               0:off    1:off    2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
ntpdate            0:off    1:off    2:off    3:off    4:off    5:off    6:off

 
 

Nginix 安装问题分析:

错误1: 提示没有安装 PCRE ,错误信息如下:

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module
option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.

解决方法: 按照步骤1,先安装pcre库,然后根据提示加上参数: 

 

错误2: 提示没有安装 zlib 库,错误信息如下:

./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_gzip_module
option, or install the zlib library into the system, or build the zlib library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-zlib=<path> option.

解决方法:zlib 官方下载最新 zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz,安装步骤如下:

tar xvf zlib-1.2.8.tar.xz

cd zlib-1.2.8

./configure --prefix=/opt/zlib-1.2.8

make  &&  make install

 

错误3:启动 nginx 服务时,提示 libpcre.so.1 找不到,具体错误信息如下:

[root@homeros nginx]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf   # 启动 nginx 服务
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx: error while loading shared libraries: libpcre.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

解决方法:

1) 查看那个lib缺少: ldd $(which /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx)

[root@homeros nginx]# ldd $(which /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx)
    linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x00007fff9b2b0000)
    libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x0000003574200000)
    libcrypt.so.1 => /lib64/libcrypt.so.1 (0x000000357ee00000)
  
 libpcre.so.1 => not found
    libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x0000003573a00000)
    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x0000003573600000)
    libfreebl3.so => /lib64/libfreebl3.so (0x000000357f200000)
    libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x0000003573e00000)

 

2) 发现在 /lib64/ 库(注:32位系统为/lib/)下缺少 libpcre.so.1 因此查询 libpcre.so.1 在哪儿,手动软链接上

[root@homeros nginx]# find / -name libpcre.so.1     # 全局搜索 libpcre.so.1
/home/homeros/Downloads/tool-server/nginx/pcre-8.34/.libs/libpcre.so.1
/usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.1
/opt/pcre-8.34/lib/libpcre.so.1
[root@homeros nginx]#
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.1 /lib64/libpcre.so.1    # 软链接到 /lib64/libpcre.so.1
[root@homeros nginx]# ll /lib64/libpcre.so.1   # 验证是否软链接上
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 27 Apr  2 17:03 /lib64/libpcre.so.1 -> /usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.1   

 

3) 然后再启动 nginx ,成功!

[root@homeros nginx]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf      # 重启 nginx
[root@homeros nginx]# ps -ef | grep nginx       # 验证重启 nginx 成功
root     17591     1  0 17:07 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nobody   17592 17591  0 17:07 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process                                          
root     17596  3294  0 17:07 pts/0    00:00:00 grep nginx

 

参考推荐:

linux(centos)上配置nginx、mysql、php-fpm、redis开机启动

LNMP(CentOS+Nginx+Mysql+PHP)服务器环境配置

MongoDB 安装配置

CentOS 安装配置 MariaDB