Spring MVC @RequestParam @RequestBody @RequestHeader 详解
上篇“Spring MVC @RequestMapping 详解”对@RequestMapping进行地址映射讲解之后,该篇主要讲解request 数据到handler method 参数数据的绑定所用到的注解和什么情形下使用;
简介
handler method 参数绑定常用的注解,我们根据他们处理的Request的不同内容部分分为四类:(主要讲解常用类型)
A、处理requet uri 部分(这里指uri template中variable,不含queryString部分)的注解: @PathVariable;
B、处理request header部分的注解: @RequestHeader, @CookieValue;
C、处理request body部分的注解:@RequestParam, @RequestBody;
D、处理attribute类型是注解: @SessionAttributes, @ModelAttribute;
1、 @PathVariable
当使用@RequestMapping URI template 样式映射时, 即 someUrl/{paramId}, 这时的paramId可通过 @Pathvariable注解绑定它传过来的值到方法的参数上。
示例代码:
@Controller @RequestMapping("/owners/{ownerId}") public class RelativePathUriTemplateController { @RequestMapping("/pets/{petId}") public void findPet(@PathVariable String ownerId, @PathVariable String petId, Model model) { // implementation omitted } }
上面代码把URI template 中变量 ownerId的值和petId的值,绑定到方法的参数上。若方法参数名称和需要绑定的uri template中变量名称不一致,需要在@PathVariable("name")指定uri template中的名称。
2、 @RequestHeader、@CookieValue
@RequestHeader 注解,可以把Request请求header部分的值绑定到方法的参数上。
示例代码:
这是一个Request 的header部分:
Host localhost:8080 Accept text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9 Accept-Language fr,en-gb;q=0.7,en;q=0.3 Accept-Encoding gzip,deflate Accept-Charset ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 Keep-Alive 300
@RequestMapping("/displayHeaderInfo.do") public void displayHeaderInfo(@RequestHeader("Accept-Encoding") String encoding, @RequestHeader("Keep-Alive") long keepAlive) { //... }
上面的代码,把request header部分的 Accept-Encoding的值,绑定到参数encoding上了, Keep-Alive header的值绑定到参数keepAlive上。
@CookieValue 可以把Request header中关于cookie的值绑定到方法的参数上。
例如有如下Cookie值:
JSESSIONID=415A4AC178C59DACE0B2C9CA727CDD84
参数绑定的代码:
@RequestMapping("/displayHeaderInfo.do") public void displayHeaderInfo(@CookieValue("JSESSIONID") String cookie) { //... }
即把JSESSIONID的值绑定到参数cookie上。
3、@RequestParam, @RequestBody
@RequestParam
A) 常用来处理简单类型的绑定,通过Request.getParameter() 获取的String可直接转换为简单类型的情况( String--> 简单类型的转换操作由ConversionService配置的转换器来完成);因为使用request.getParameter()方式获取参数,所以可以处理get 方式中queryString的值,也可以处理post方式中 body data的值;
B)用来处理Content-Type: 为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded
编码的内容,提交方式GET、POST;
C) 该注解有两个属性: value、required; value用来指定要传入值的id名称,required用来指示参数是否必须绑定;
示例代码:
@Controller @RequestMapping("/pets") @SessionAttributes("pet") public class EditPetForm { // ... @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET) public String setupForm(@RequestParam("petId") int petId, ModelMap model) { Pet pet = this.clinic.loadPet(petId); model.addAttribute("pet", pet); return "petForm"; } // ...
@RequestBody
该注解常用来处理Content-Type: 不是application/x-www-form-urlencoded
编码的内容,例如application/json, application/xml等;
它是通过使用HandlerAdapter 配置的HttpMessageConverters
来解析post data body,然后绑定到相应的bean上的。
因为配置有FormHttpMessageConverter,所以也可以用来处理 application/x-www-form-urlencoded
的内容,处理完的结果放在一个MultiValueMap<String, String>里,这种情况在某些特殊需求下使用,详情查看FormHttpMessageConverter api;
示例代码:
@RequestMapping(value = "/something", method = RequestMethod.PUT) public void handle(@RequestBody String body, Writer writer) throws IOException { writer.write(body); }
4、@SessionAttributes, @ModelAttribute
@SessionAttributes:
该注解用来绑定HttpSession中的attribute对象的值,便于在方法中的参数里使用。
该注解有value、types两个属性,可以通过名字和类型指定要使用的attribute 对象;
示例代码:
@Controller @RequestMapping("/editPet.do") @SessionAttributes("pet") public class EditPetForm { // ... }
@ModelAttribute
该注解有两个用法,一个是用于方法上,一个是用于参数上;
用于方法上时: 通常用来在处理@RequestMapping之前,为请求绑定需要从后台查询的model;
用于参数上时: 用来通过名称对应,把相应名称的值绑定到注解的参数bean上;要绑定的值来源于:
A) @SessionAttributes 启用的attribute 对象上;
B) @ModelAttribute 用于方法上时指定的model对象;
C) 上述两种情况都没有时,new一个需要绑定的bean对象,然后把request中按名称对应的方式把值绑定到bean中。
用到方法上@ModelAttribute的示例代码:
// Add one attribute // The return value of the method is added to the model under the name "account" // You can customize the name via @ModelAttribute("myAccount") @ModelAttribute public Account addAccount(@RequestParam String number) { return accountManager.findAccount(number); }
这种方式实际的效果就是在调用@RequestMapping的方法之前,为request对象的model里put(“account”, Account);
用在参数上的@ModelAttribute示例代码:
@RequestMapping(value="/owners/{ownerId}/pets/{petId}/edit", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String processSubmit(@ModelAttribute Pet pet) { }
首先查询 @SessionAttributes有无绑定的Pet对象,若没有则查询@ModelAttribute方法层面上是否绑定了Pet对象,若没有则将URI template中的值按对应的名称绑定到Pet对象的各属性上。
@RequestBody
作用:
i) 该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上;
ii) 再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上。
使用时机:
A) GET、POST方式提时, 根据request header Content-Type的值来判断:
- application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 可选(即非必须,因为这种情况的数据@RequestParam, @ModelAttribute也可以处理,当然@RequestBody也能处理);
- multipart/form-data, 不能处理(即使用@RequestBody不能处理这种格式的数据);
- 其他格式, 必须(其他格式包括application/json, application/xml等。这些格式的数据,必须使用@RequestBody来处理);
B) PUT方式提交时, 根据request header Content-Type的值来判断:
- application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 必须;
- multipart/form-data, 不能处理;
- 其他格式, 必须;
说明:request的body部分的数据编码格式由header部分的Content-Type指定;
@ResponseBody
作用: 该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区。
使用时机:返回的数据不是html标签的页面,而是其他某种格式的数据时(如json、xml等)使用;
HttpMessageConverter
/** * Strategy interface that specifies a converter that can convert from and to HTTP requests and responses. * * @author Arjen Poutsma * @author Juergen Hoeller * @since 3.0 */ public interface HttpMessageConverter<T> { /** * Indicates whether the given class can be read by this converter. * @param clazz the class to test for readability * @param mediaType the media type to read, can be {@code null} if not specified. * Typically the value of a {@code Content-Type} header. * @return {@code true} if readable; {@code false} otherwise */ boolean canRead(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType); /** * Indicates whether the given class can be written by this converter. * @param clazz the class to test for writability * @param mediaType the media type to write, can be {@code null} if not specified. * Typically the value of an {@code Accept} header. * @return {@code true} if writable; {@code false} otherwise */ boolean canWrite(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType); /** * Return the list of {@link MediaType} objects supported by this converter. * @return the list of supported media types */ List<MediaType> getSupportedMediaTypes(); /** * Read an object of the given type form the given input message, and returns it. * @param clazz the type of object to return. This type must have previously been passed to the * {@link #canRead canRead} method of this interface, which must have returned {@code true}. * @param inputMessage the HTTP input message to read from * @return the converted object * @throws IOException in case of I/O errors * @throws HttpMessageNotReadableException in case of conversion errors */ T read(Class<? extends T> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMessageNotReadableException; /** * Write an given object to the given output message. * @param t the object to write to the output message. The type of this object must have previously been * passed to the {@link #canWrite canWrite} method of this interface, which must have returned {@code true}. * @param contentType the content type to use when writing. May be {@code null} to indicate that the * default content type of the converter must be used. If not {@code null}, this media type must have * previously been passed to the {@link #canWrite canWrite} method of this interface, which must have * returned {@code true}. * @param outputMessage the message to write to * @throws IOException in case of I/O errors * @throws HttpMessageNotWritableException in case of conversion errors */ void write(T t, MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException; }
该接口定义了四个方法,分别是读取数据时的 canRead(), read() 和 写入数据时的canWrite(), write()方法。
在使用 <mvc:annotation-driven />标签配置时,默认配置了RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
注意是
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
不是AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter,详情查看spring 3.1 document “16.14 Configuring Spring MVC”章节,并为他配置了一下默认的HttpMessageConverter:
ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter converts byte arrays. StringHttpMessageConverter converts strings. ResourceHttpMessageConverter converts to/from org.springframework.core.io.Resource for all media types. SourceHttpMessageConverter converts to/from a javax.xml.transform.Source. FormHttpMessageConverter converts form data to/from a MultiValueMap<String, String>. Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter converts Java objects to/from XML — added if JAXB2 is present on the classpath. MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter converts to/from JSON — added if Jackson is present on the classpath. AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter converts Atom feeds — added if Rome is present on the classpath. RssChannelHttpMessageConverter converts RSS feeds — added if Rome is present on the classpath.
ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter : 负责读取二进制格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据;
StringHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取字符串格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据;
ResourceHttpMessageConverter:负责读取资源文件和写出资源文件数据;
FormHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取form提交的数据(能读取的数据格式为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded,不能读取multipart/form-data格式数据);负责写入application/x-www-from-urlencoded和multipart/form-data格式的数据;
MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入json格式的数据;
SouceHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入 xml 中javax.xml.transform.Source定义的数据;
Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入xml 标签格式的数据;
AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入Atom格式的数据;
RssChannelHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入RSS格式的数据;
当使用@RequestBody和@ResponseBody注解时,
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
就使用它们来进行读取或者写入相应格式的数据。
HttpMessageConverter 匹配过程
@RequestBody注解时: 根据Request对象header部分的Content-Type类型,逐一匹配合适的HttpMessageConverter来读取数据;
spring 3.1 源代码如下:
private Object readWithMessageConverters(MethodParameter methodParam, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, Class paramType) throws Exception { MediaType contentType = inputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType(); if (contentType == null) { StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(ClassUtils.getShortName(methodParam.getParameterType())); String paramName = methodParam.getParameterName(); if (paramName != null) { builder.append(' '); builder.append(paramName); } throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException( "Cannot extract parameter (" + builder.toString() + "): no Content-Type found"); } List<MediaType> allSupportedMediaTypes = new ArrayList<MediaType>(); if (this.messageConverters != null) { for (HttpMessageConverter<?> messageConverter : this.messageConverters) { allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes()); if (messageConverter.canRead(paramType, contentType)) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Reading [" + paramType.getName() + "] as \"" + contentType +"\" using [" + messageConverter + "]"); } return messageConverter.read(paramType, inputMessage); } } } throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(contentType, allSupportedMediaTypes); }
@ResponseBody注解时: 根据Request对象header部分的Accept属性(逗号分隔),逐一按accept中的类型,去遍历找到能处理的HttpMessageConverter;
源代码如下:
private void writeWithMessageConverters(Object returnValue, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException { List<MediaType> acceptedMediaTypes = inputMessage.getHeaders().getAccept(); if (acceptedMediaTypes.isEmpty()) { acceptedMediaTypes = Collections.singletonList(MediaType.ALL); } MediaType.sortByQualityValue(acceptedMediaTypes); Class<?> returnValueType = returnValue.getClass(); List<MediaType> allSupportedMediaTypes = new ArrayList<MediaType>(); if (getMessageConverters() != null) { for (MediaType acceptedMediaType : acceptedMediaTypes) { for (HttpMessageConverter messageConverter : getMessageConverters()) { if (messageConverter.canWrite(returnValueType, acceptedMediaType)) { messageConverter.write(returnValue, acceptedMediaType, outputMessage); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { MediaType contentType = outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType(); if (contentType == null) { contentType = acceptedMediaType; } logger.debug("Written [" + returnValue + "] as \"" + contentType + "\" using [" + messageConverter + "]"); } this.responseArgumentUsed = true; return; } } } for (HttpMessageConverter messageConverter : messageConverters) { allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes()); } } throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(allSupportedMediaTypes); }
补充:
MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter 调用了 objectMapper.writeValue(OutputStream stream, Object)方法,使用@ResponseBody注解返回的对象就传入Object参数内。若返回的对象为已经格式化好的json串时,不使用@RequestBody注解,而应该这样处理:
1、response.setContentType("application/json; charset=UTF-8");
2、response.getWriter().print(jsonStr);
直接输出到body区,然后的视图为void
参考推荐:
Mybatis-Generator自动生成Dao、Model、Mapping
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